Microlaryngoscopy is performed under general anaesthesia in a hospital setting. The procedure is carried out through the mouth, so there are no external incisions or visible scars. During surgery, the vocal cords are examined using specialised instruments and magnification to allow detailed assessment and treatment.

Depending on the clinical findings, treatment may include microsurgical removal of lesions, laser treatment of selected abnormalities, or injection techniques for vocal cord weakness or paralysis. Both diagnosis and treatment may occur during the same procedure.

In selected cases, vocal cord augmentation using injectable materials may be considered to support vocal cord closure. This may be performed in a clinical or hospital setting, using topical or general anaesthesia, depending on individual circumstances.