Most ear surgery is performed using microsurgical techniques with an operating microscope, allowing precise visualisation of the ear’s delicate structures. In some cases, minimally invasive laser techniques may be used for middle ear procedures, which can reduce tissue trauma and improve surgical accuracy. Procedures may be performed in a hospital or suitably equipped clinical setting, depending on the surgery and patient factors.

Ear surgery includes procedures such as tympanoplasty (repair of a perforated eardrum), myringotomy and ear tube insertion to treat persistent middle ear fluid or infections, stapedectomy, cochlear implantation, and removal of tumours or abnormal growths. The choice of procedure, anaesthesia (local or general), and setting depends on the condition being treated, patient age, and overall health. Most procedures are day surgery, though some require a short hospital stay